A new variant of the Covid virus, JN.1, previously causing a surge in cases in the US since September, has been identified in Kerala, India. Discovered during routine surveillance, around 15 cases of the JN.1 variant have been reported in samples from Goa. Descending from the BA.2.86 variant, JN.1 is closely monitored due to a single mutation in the spike protein compared to Pirola. As India witnesses a spike in infection numbers, reaching 252 new cases in the week ending December 17, concerns rise about the potential transmissibility and immune evasion of the JN.1 variant.
Signs and Symptoms of JN.1 Variant
Mild Presentation: The recent increase in Covid-19 cases may signal the emergence of a new variant, possibly JN.1. This variant is recognized for its mild presentation, with symptoms resembling common respiratory illnesses like the flu. Common signs include fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, body ache, and fatigue. In most cases, where symptoms are mild, symptomatic care is usually sufficient.
Red Flag Sign – Breathlessness: While the majority of cases exhibit mild symptoms, breathlessness serves as a red flag sign requiring immediate attention. The risk factors for severe disease are higher in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals.
Transmissibility and Overlapping Symptoms: JN.1 is characterized by increased transmissibility, and its symptoms overlap with other viral infections. These include fever, cough, runny nose, shortness of breath, fatigue, body aches, sore throat, mild gastrointestinal symptoms, and loss of taste or smell. These symptoms may resemble those of seasonal upper respiratory infections.
Preventive Measures: Crucial preventive measures against the JN.1 variant include vaccination, mask-wearing, hand hygiene, and social distancing. Understanding the contagious nature of the variant emphasizes the urgency of adhering to safety protocols for effective control.
Dr Sushila Kataria, Senior Director, Internal Medicine, Medanta, Gurugram shares a list of symptoms that one may have with this variant
1. Cough: Persistent coughing can be a common symptom.
2. Cold: Symptoms of a common cold, such as a runny or stuffy nose, may be observed.
3. Throat pain: Sore throat or discomfort in the throat is reported.
4. Headache: Individuals infected with the JN1 variant may experience headaches.
5. Loose motions: Gastrointestinal symptoms, like loose motions (diarrhoea), may occur.
6. Mild breathlessness: Some individuals may experience occasional mild breathlessness.
Early Detection and Isolation Measures
Prompt Isolation: Dr. Modi emphasizes early detection and prompt isolation as crucial tools in the ongoing fight against the virus. If you experience concerning symptoms, it is of utmost importance to isolate yourself and undergo testing. Ignoring these symptoms, often mistaken for a simple cold, can have serious consequences for both yourself and vulnerable individuals in the community.
Mask-Wearing in Crowded Places: In crowded places or situations where maintaining physical distance is challenging, wearing a mask responsibly remains a powerful preventive measure. It serves as an effective way to protect not only yourself but also others around you, minimizing the risk of transmission.
Vaccination – Key Defense Strategy
Effectiveness of Vaccination: Dr. Modi underscores vaccination as the most effective defense against the virus. For those eligible for booster doses, timely administration is crucial. Booster doses provide additional layers of protection, significantly reducing the severity of illness, even in cases of infection. Prioritizing vaccination and booster doses is essential in the collective effort to control the spread of the virus.